April 6, 2025

This paper examines whether privacy under the DPDP Act, 2023, is an indefeasibleright—one that cannot be lost, annulled, or defeated. Analysing significant case laws,the paper concludes that privacy is fundamental but conditionally defeasible throughstatutory exemptions and

The meaning of proportionality in layman’s terms denotes justice and reflects a balancedthought. The Doctrine of Proportionality is a fundamental principle ensuring that theadministrative penalty imposed on a delinquent employee is commensurate with the gravityof